TPL LandVote Database - TPL LandVote Database
Reports
Welcome to the TPL LandVote Database!

2023 results available! 

Click here to view detailed results of land conservation and park measures in 2023.

Across the country, dozens of state and local governments each year vote to raise public funds in support of land conservation. The Trust For Public Land's LandVote Database is the premier source of information about these measures. The database brings together the most comprehensive history available for conservation finance measures that have been placed on the ballot.

Use the reports, accessed from the measures menu above or the list at left, to explore the database. In each report, click on the columns to sort by different variables. At the bottom of each report, there are tables displaying the totals. Click graph to see a bar chart of the totals. You may also customize any existing report or create a new report. Searching for a specific measure? Use the find feature on the measures menu.

See the latest list of Upcoming Elections

For help or advanced queries email landvote@tpl.org. For more information about the data, please see the note below.

The Trust for Public Land helps states and communities raise public funds for conservation. More information on TPL's conservation finance services can be found on TPL's website.

Citing LandVote: To recognize the valuable role of LandVote, users of LandVote are asked to formally acknowledge the data source. This acknowledgment should occur as a formal citation. The citation can be formatted as follows:

The Trust for Public Land, LandVote, 2024, www.landvote.org.

2005-2024 The Trust for Public Land. All rights reserved.

Summary of Measures by Year, 1988-present
Date
Number of
Measures
Pass?
(tot)
Total Funds
Approved
(tot)
Conservation Funds
Approved (tot)
 
1988 26 24 $1,458,633,862 $1,167,978,862
1989 29 22 $1,409,488,521 $867,676,870
1990 43 25 $2,316,633,904 $2,226,065,904
1991 18 12 $192,302,360 $172,657,360
1992 39 28 $2,681,264,000 $2,048,579,000
1993 23 19 $595,334,860 $550,130,753
1994 50 32 $1,043,022,125 $619,729,511
1995 43 34 $1,346,612,844 $1,122,119,344
1996 99 69 $6,212,422,178 $1,643,314,498
1997 84 71 $2,668,353,306 $838,636,504
1998 173 141 $7,336,666,744 $5,732,244,489
1999 110 99 $2,581,575,522 $2,140,109,028
2000 211 172 $11,462,441,431 $4,989,371,452
2001 198 138 $1,786,283,640 $1,351,156,655
2002 182 134 $8,530,249,162 $5,425,951,207
2003 126 95 $1,771,740,328 $1,252,196,985
2004 214 159 $25,985,915,413 $3,792,588,095
2005 142 112 $2,627,294,896 $1,606,487,155
2006 185 138 $29,148,559,432 $6,746,669,765
2007 103 69 $3,709,955,926 $2,041,988,707
2008 130 92 $11,108,012,360 $8,052,960,160
2009 40 25 $1,059,164,056 $607,668,083
2010 51 43 $2,384,010,217 $2,192,064,866
2011 26 16 $540,221,467 $313,755,748
2012 71 56 $2,382,328,913 $818,680,495
2013 21 16 $1,401,972,735 $343,072,735
2014 54 39 $30,768,304,044 $13,206,357,243
2015 37 28 $696,265,736 $321,968,947
2016 97 77 $12,385,278,910 $3,395,519,633
2017 36 31 $3,408,718,657 $677,100,481
2018 62 54 $11,912,823,578 $3,592,338,065
2019 41 33 $2,183,636,332 $917,002,999
2020 56 52 $4,852,038,723 $1,815,647,987
2021 34 28 $1,379,596,883 $506,295,910
2022 74 65 $10,926,399,400 $2,826,716,579
2023 35 32 $2,030,878,313 $1,659,324,178
2024 63 55 $22,764,525,876 $4,866,481,944
Totals (37 groups) 3026 2335 $237,048,926,654 $92,448,608,197
Note About the Data

LandVote tracks two major types of conservation ballot measures:

  1. "Pay as you go" measures authorize sales, property, income, and other taxes to pay for conservation. When a ballot measure authorizes a new tax, LandVote counts the estimated revenue generated for the duration of the tax. When the tax is not limited to a specific term, a duration of 20 years is used. In all cases the total funds generated over the life of the measure are conservatively estimated and do not reflect likely increases in the tax base. When a ballot measure increases an existing tax, LandVote counts only the value of the added increment.
  2. Bond measures authorize the use of bonded indebtedness (general obligation bonds) for the purpose of financing capital improvements such as land conservation. In tabulating results, LandVote counts the face value of the bonds authorized, rather than the much higher value of repaying the bonds in the future. Bonds usually extend for 20 or 30 years.

LandVote tabulates funding amount in two ways:

  1. Total funds represent funds generated through the entire ballot measure for all purposes.
  2. Conservation funds represent funds generated for land acquisition and protection only.

For example, suppose there is a bond measure for $60 million, of which $30 million will be used for land acquisition and protection and $30 million will be for other various capital improvements. This measure would appear in LandVote as $60 million total funds and $30 million conservation funds. Both sets of figures document and help explain the substantial voter support that exists for conservation and the voters willingness to pay for conservation.

Records for the years 1996 to present are the most comprehensive. Beginning in 1996, data on measures have been collected each year as elections occurred. Measures for the years prior to 1996 have been researched to the extent possible based on historical research collected from newspaper archives and state and local elections officials. Factors that may limit the comprehensiveness of the data for these years include the availability of historical records and the fact that conservation measures may not have been as widely reported by media outlets as they have been in recent years. TPL will continue to update and gather new data to strengthen the integrity of the LandVote database and to ensure accuracy in the study and reporting of land conservation finance efforts around the country.

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